Over time, a callus (also called a hyperkeratosis) develops as the skin becomes excessively thick at the spot of pressure. This callus, if thick enough, can be painful as the original normal skin layer on the bottom of the callus is harmed by the pressure of the layer that covers it. What once was a simple protective measure by the skin can turn into a source of pain and damage for the skin if growth progresses far enough. Sometimes, the callus grows inward towards the base layer of the skin, leading to the formation of a thick, hard core that tunnels inward (but does not break the skin).
Callus treatment is often misunderstood, and in reality can be somewhat complicated. The most common form of treatment is simple shaving of the callus by oneself, a pedicurist, or a podiatrist. The act of thinning the hard skin will make it more comfortable to walk on, and will reduce pain. However, the cause of the callus still will exist, and the callus will eventually return in a month or two. This causes great confusion for some people, who simply associate a callus with a temporary skin growth, and not something directly tied to their foot structure and activity. The use of special
It should be noted that diabetics should never attempt to manage their calluses on their own. Due to poor sensation from diabetes, diabetics trimming their own calluses or having an unskilled family member try this at home could lead to a wound and an infection from an accidental cutting into normal skin.
Surgical treatment is the next level of callus care. This is another area where there is great confusion, and treatment myths abound. In short, calluses cannot be cut out or otherwise surgically removed, with the expectation that the callus will not return. The new skin that grows following the surgery will continue to form a callus, and when combined with a surgical scar may be even more painful than the original callus. The only exception once again is the porokeratosis, which can be successfully removed with surgery. The only way to permanently get rid of a callus is to get rid of the
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